Turbine.



W. L. R. EMMET.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1902.

' Patented June 8, 1909.

I Inventor:

' witnesses:

' mauswam. I

j setis US6d, 3iI other vanes or buckets which receive the motivefiuid from one set of movage.-- The sameclosing in'of the ends is desirable on the stationary vanes the novel features will be more-fully set forth .in thedesfcription and the claims appended bines, of which'the following is a specificaorbu'ckets of" the moving element may be 'continuoussteel} rings shrunk or pressed on to machine, and with the speedsordinarilyused the strainon the holding devices due to trates an'.=erubo'di1nent" of my invention, Figure 1 is a i 'ierspective view-of a .partof.

of a portion ,of one of the "cover seet1ons;-and- ILLIAMLJR,

- OFFICE.

or scnENncr niNEw- YORK, ASSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELECTRIC -..CQMBANY', A. CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

' TURBINE;

La Roi,

tam new and'nseful Improvements in Tur tion. i

Elastic fluid turbines as commonly constructed are provided with one or more sets of rotary vanes or buckets arranged on .the periphery of a. wheelerv cylinder, and betweenthe'rotaryivane's, when more than one ing vanes and direct it-intoa second set, this action beln'g repeated for each set of moving and stationary vanes. The vanes cut from the solid stock or may-be made detachable in. either event it isv desirable to provide means for'covering or closing in the ends of the buckets-in order to form fluid passagesofdefinite and predetermined crosssectional area and to reduce losses by leak-' and for.-thesame reasons. l

I Previousj'toim vIinvention all turbines of the above 'de'seri ed'classIwi-th which I am' familiar were provided withcovers made of,

or buckets over theends of the vanes of the revolving element and. retaaned m place by screws. Such acove'ris expenslve and inconvenient centrifugal action fis excessive, .Owing to the constructioiiof the parts itis often not practicable to make each'on'e of these at-. tachments strong; and. conse uently the cover is liable to be a source of anger and a limitation upon the safe design of amachine. -M'y invention has for-its object to over come the objections above pointed out, and

turbine-whee Fig. the a side ,-elev at1on*of all setso stationary vanes;*Fig.' 4-is aplan view Q vfSp eeii'leation 01' Letters Patent.

x pncatibnma Febrnaryzfl 1902. .stmrm. 95,170.

of the wheel to the other.

Patented June 8, 1909.

I Fig. .5 isa plan view of a slight modification.

' 1 represents the wheel blank before the vanes or baskets are cut; and it w1ll be seen that an annular projection 2 is provided having a roove 3. This arrangement leaves two sma er annular projections 4 and 5 p which are. afterward cut to shape and riveted over the sections of the cover. The periphcry of the wheel blank is turned true and may be slightly larger in diameter on one side than the other; this is done to provide the passa e space 6 with the necessary area to provi e for expansion or decrease of velocity 1n the motive fluid as it passes from one side The same thing could be accom lishedby forming the eriphery of the lank so that it exten ed parallelwith the axial line, but it would involve cutting the vanes longer on one side than on the other, which is a difiicult and expensive operation; however the vanes are made: The feature of making the wheel blank slightly larger in diameter on one side than on the other further increases the cost and difiiculty of making a continuous ring coveras heretofore constructed. The vanes 7 are preferablymade integral with the stock forming the Wheel blank, but detachable vanes may be used and certain of the benefits site amount of stock for riveting pur oses.

The tenons and passages being formed y the same 0 eratlons, the cost of construction is reduce to a minimum.

v{lhecover 9 is made discontinuous or ointed and preferably m sections, each sec- .tion being rovided with straight ends and a plurality o "openings to receivethe tenons 8 on the vanes." The ends ofeach sectionare provided with notches or slots of suflicient size to receive one half of a tenon, the re- 5 maind-er of said tenon being surrounded by the adj acent. cover section. The tenons, bemg cut atithe time "the vane. 'isformed. and the same tool, partake, to a certain extent, the curvature of the vane, and; conse* quently the openings in the cover sections are provided with two straight sides 10 corresponding to the sides of the tenons, and two curved portions 11 corresponding to the front and back of the vanes. In order to decrease the liability of the advancing end of a cover section from projecting outwardly beyond the rear endof the preceding section and striking against-some stationary object within the wheel casing, the said end may be beveled, rounded or cut away as is indicated at 12. The sections of the cover are made from sheet steel and the openings therein are unched with the ordinary punch and die. y this means all hand work on the cover is obviated. The several sections are given the proper curvature by a suitable bending de vice in order that they may closely conform to the periphery of the wheel. After the sections are mounted in place the edges of the tenons are riveted over by suitable tools, such for example, as. a neumatic hammer and a set. By making t e ends of the cover section straight instead of notched one section can be ap lied to or removed from the wheel without isturbing the other section or sections; After mounting the cover in place on the wheel, the said cover may be turned in a lathe or other machine to render the ed es true. f p I he vanes or buckets radiate from a common center, and in order to ap ly the detachable cover sections thereto, t e pitch of the openings must be equal to the pitch of the vanes or buckets at their ends. This means that there will be a slight clearance between the tenons and the ends of the slots when the section is seated.' The sides of the tenons are arranged to make a close fit with the sides of the opening at all times.

At the time the-ends of the tenons are riveted over, the clearancev space above referred to is closed against the escape of steam. It is desirable to give each coversection a slightly greater curve than is demanded by t e curvature of the vanes so that when riveted in place the ends of the. adjacent sections are in firm contact and make asteam-tight joint.

The construction described presents many advantages in the way of reduced-cost, since. the cover can bemade relatively thin to reduce the dead weight yet at the same time be firmly secured in place, thereby greatly reducing the dangers dueto centrifugal action.

Another advanta e of the construction described residesin te factthat there is no rim tension The-strain on the cover is due solely to. centrifugal action. Any tendency ne of the of" the ,coverto expand in the grip.v the wheel causes it to more close y tenons on the buckets.

My invention is directed princi ally toward the construction of the revo ving elements of turbines, but certain advantages in the way of reduced cost of construction may accrue when used on stationary vanes. Such a construction is illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein 13 represents the curved stationary element of a turbine having a plurality of vanes or buckets 14 which receive fluid from one vane-wheel, ehange'the direction thereof and deliver it to a second vane or bucketwheel. Each of the vanes is provided with a tenon 15 which passes through a corresponding opening in the cover section 16 and is riveted over at the end to hold the section in place. In certain instances I may use the same kind of sections for both the revolving and stationary elements, or the sections may vary somewhat as to dimensions, 'et'c., but the same general rinciple of construction can be followed in 0th cases. Under ordinary conditions the cover sections would not be removed from the wheel or from the stationary element after being mounted in place, but it can be done by forcing the metal forming the tenon back away from the opening in the section by a suitable tool, and this without affecting the other sections.

In Fig. 5 the sections of the cover are made somewhat smaller, each'section being e ual in length to the itch of the vanes or b ades. The ends of t e sections are made straight so as to form a ood joint with the adjacent sections. In the ends of the sections are notches or slots arranged to receive portions of the tenons. In the present instance each notch is capable of receiving one half of a tenon. When the-ends of the tenons are riveted over, each tenon will assist in holding the ends of two adjacent cover sections. This same principle is followed in the previous figures, the only difference being that there are fewer sections for a given number'of vanes or blades, and hence the number of tenons which engage with two sections is decreased.

One vane or bucket7 is shown in dotted lines with the tenon 8 projecting above the cover, the slight clearance space, reviously referred to being indicated at 17. he space is somewhat exa gerated in the figure in order that it ma e seen; in actual practice I make it as sma l as possible.

I may, without departing from the spirit more of the vanes or buckets under each cover section, in which case an additional amount of machinin is required. In my opinion this is not sue a desirable construc-' tion for the average turbine element, but in special cases it may be found to be useful;

,In accordance with-the provisions ofthe patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together withthe aelparatus WhlCl'l I now consider to represent, t ebest embodiment thereof; but

I desire to have'it' understood that the apof my nvention,,om1t the tenon on one or the ends of the vanes, notches in the sec' tions of the covering and means for securing the sections in place.

2. In a turb'ne, the combination of a plurality of vanes, a sectional covering for the ends of the vanes, each section being.

v ject.

the ends of the vanes, and means formed integral with the vanes for securing the sections in place.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a' plurality of vanes, a sectional covering for provided with a plurality of openings registering with the vanes, and tenons which pass through the openings and are riveted over to hold the sections in lace. I .4. In a turbine, t e combination of a plurality of vanes, tenons formed thereon,-

with a sectional covering for the ends of the vanes, each section being provided with notches or slots at the ends and arranged to partially surround the tenons and be held in place thereby.

v 5. A cover for closing in the ends of turbine'vanes, composed of a plurality of sections, each section having a cut-away or beveled end. v I

' 6. Acover for the revolving member of a turbine, composed of a plurality ofsections, each section having more than two openings formed therein and provided with a-beveled or cut-awayend. Y

7. In combination, a turbine wheel, vanes or buckets formed integral therewith, tenons .on the vanes, and a detachable cover com-" posed of sections, each section being provided with end notches or slots and arranged to partially surround the adjacent tenons, and openings formed intermediate the ends through which the intermediate tenons proposed of sections, eachse'ction being .pro-

vided with straight ends so thatit can be applied to or removed" from the vane or an artic e of manufacture, a section of a cover for. the ends of turbine vanes or buckets, comprising a sheet or strip of, metalhaving notches or slots at the ends; and two or more 0 eningsbetween the ends,

having parallel sides and the'said o" enings. curved en s.

- '10. As an articleof. manufaeture', a

rtion I bine element comprising v In a turbine, the combination of a plurality of. vanes or buckets, "a detachable cover for the vanes 01' buckets'whi'ch' is com-- slots formed in the ends for attaching means. I

13. Asan article of manufacture, a turbine element comprising a number of vanes or buckets, each vane or bucket being provided with a tenon having side faces extending parallel with the sides of said element, and other faces which follow the contour of the vanes or buckets for a portion of their length. 1

'14.'In combination, a turbine element having a plurality of vanes or buckets, a cover therefor composed of a number of receiving the sections, each section having an end notch 01' slot, and. tenons formed on the vanes which extend through the notches or slots 1 and are riveted over or expanded at the ends to retain an end of each section in place. I

15. In combination, a turbine element having a plurality of vanes or buckets, a cover therefor composed. of a number of sections each section being provided with different radius than the element to which it j is applied, and means which extend through the openings for retaining the sections in placel I 16. Asian article of manufacture, a cover for turbine vanes or.buckets,- 'comprising a sheet or s'tripofmetal having an end notch or ends. .17. As'an article'of manufacture, a section prising a sheet or strip of metal having one or more notches or slots, and one or more openv.ings'between the ends.

.t. .18.; As. an article of manufacture, a cover bucket structure without. disturbin atheother section or sections, and means or re-J taini'rigthe inde endentsections inplace.

for turbine vanes 01, buckets, comprising a sheet or stri of metal havingnotches or slots at both endii' tween the ends: I; I

' 19. A turbine comprising vanes or buckets ihavinglprojections, in combination with a cover 'aving an endjnotch'and one or more openings," the said; notch and teringv with theprojections:

nes or buckets'formed integr with their cover having notches formed therein registional cover for a turbine element comprising 7 I a sheet or strip of metal having notches or e gender more openings be- I openings and straight ends, and curved on a slot.,-'and'one or moreopenings between the of acove'r'for-tu'rbine vanes or-buckets, com- .20. :Ax turbine comprising 1a plurality I of sup r mn' combination with tenons forn in'gY130 the vanes or uckets and made u &

an integral part of the buckets and support, and a cover which is provided with openings registering with the tenons and held in place thereby.

21. In a turbine, the combination of vanes or buckets having curved front and rear faces, tenons formed on the buckets, having two fiat surfaces and two surfaces which partake of the curvature of the buckets, and a cover having openings therein, which register with and correspond in shape to the tenons.

22. As an article of manufacture, a cover for the ends of turbine blades or buckets, comprising a sheet or strip of metal having notches or slots at the ends, and two or more openings between the ends, the said openings having parallel sides and curved ends.

23. In an axial-flow turbine, the combination of a su port?, a plurality of radiatin vanes carried thereby, tenons formed integra with the vanes and projecting from their outer ends, and a cover confining the steam to the bucket spaces applied to the free ends of the vanes and provided with openings to receive the tenons and through which the latter extend," such cover transmitting its centrifugal strains radially to the support through the vanes.

24. In a turbine, the combination of a support, a plurality of vanes or buckets carried thereby, and a cover confining the steam to the bucket s aces secured to the free ends of of sections.

25. In an axial-flow turbine, t e combination of a support, a plurality of radiating vanes or buckets carried thereby, and a cover confining the steam to the bucket spaces secured to the free ends of the vanes or buckets and divided into sections.

26. In an axial-flow turbine the combination ofa support, a plurality of radiating vanes or buckets carried thereby, and a cover confining the steam to the bucket spaces secured to the free ends of the vanes or buckets centrifugal strains to the sup ort through said vanes or buckets and inter ocking parts.

27. In an axial-flow turbine, the combination of a' support, a plurality of radiating vanes or buckets carried thereb and a cover confining the steam to the bucket spaces secured to the free ends of the vanes or buckets by riveting an inte ral part of one element upon the other, suc cover transmitting its centrifugal strains radially to the support through the vanes or buckets.

28. In an axial-flow turbine, the combination of a sup ort, a plurality of radiating vanes or buc ets carried thereby, and a jointed cover confining the steam to the bucket spaces riveted to the free ends of the vanes or buckets.

29. In an axial-flow turbine, the combination of a suppprt, a plurality of radiating vanes or -buc ets carried thereby, and a jointed cover secured to the free ends of the vanes or buckets by riveting an integral part of one element u on the other.

30. A turbine ucket having a cover-holding tenon formed integral therewith.

31. In a turbine, the combination with the vanes or buckets and a support therefor, of a discontinuous or jointed cover covering the free ends of the buckets and confining the steam to the bucket spaces and means for attaching such cover to each of said buckets.

32. In a turbine, the combination with the vanes or buckets and a sup ort therefor, of tenons made integral with t 1e buckets and a discontinuous or ointed cover confining the steam to the buc et spaces having opening through which the tenons pass, the cover being secured to the buckets by the riveting of the tenons thereon.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 20th day of February, 1902.

WILLIAM L. R. EMMET.

Witnesses:

ALEX. F. MACDONALD, HELEN ORFORD. 

